Mercury in hair of fish eaters: Case studies from Tokyo, Japan and Rarotonga, Cook Islands

Rarotonga Tokyo 3 January 2013 Introduction In 2009, the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP GC) decided to develop a global legally binding instrument on mercury to reduce risks to human health and the environment (UNEP GC25/5). The UNEP GC noted that mercury is a substance of global concern due to its long-range transport, persistence, ability to bioaccumulate, and toxicity. Its conclusions were based in part on the 2002 UNEP Global Mercury Assessment which noted that mercury is present in fish all over the globe at levels that adversely affect humans and wildlife (UNEP 2002). In humans, hair is widely accepted as a matrix for reliable estimations of the body burden of methylmercury, which likely comes from eating fish (Grandjean, Weihe et al. 1998); (Harada, Nakachi et al. 1999); (Knobeloch, Gliori et al. 2007); (Myers, Davidson et al. 2000).